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Lesson on Frequently Used Phrasal Verbs - B2 level Introduction Phrasal verbs are verbs combined with one or two particles (prepositions or adverbs) that create a meaning different from the original verb. They are essential for understanding and using English naturally. This lesson covers ten frequently used phrasal verbs and includes exercises to check understanding. Ten Most Frequently Used Phrasal Verbs 1. Break down - Meaning: To stop working (for machines); to become very upset (for people). - Example: - "The car broke down on the way to the airport." - "She broke down in tears after hearing the news." 2. Bring up - Meaning: To raise a topic; to raise a child. - Example: - "He brought up an interesting point during the meeting." - "They brought up their children in a small town." 3. Call off - **Meaning**: To cancel. - **Example**: - "The match was called off due to rain." 4. Come across - Meaning: To find or meet by chance. - Example: - "I came across an old friend at the mall yesterday." 5. Find out - Meaning: To discover or learn. - Example: - "She found out the truth about the incident." 6. Get along - Meaning: To have a good relationship. - Example: - "Do you get along with your colleagues?" 7. **Give up** - **Meaning**: To stop trying or quit. - **Example**: - "He gave up smoking last year." 8. Look forward to - Meaning: To anticipate with pleasure. - Example: - "I am looking forward to the weekend." 9. Put off - Meaning: To postpone. - Example: - "They put off the meeting until next week." 10. Take care of - Meaning: To be responsible for someone or something. - Example: - "She takes care of her younger siblings." Exercises to Check Knowledge Exercise 1: Match the Phrasal Verb to Its Meaning Match each phrasal verb to its correct meaning. 1. Break down 2. Bring up 3. Call off 4. Come across 5. Find out 6. Get along 7. Give up 8. Look forward to 9. Put off 10. Take care of A. To postpone B. To cancel C. To be responsible for D. To discover or learn E. To stop working; to become upset F. To stop trying or quit G. To raise a topic; to raise a child H. To have a good relationship I. To anticipate with pleasure J. To find or meet by chance Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb. 1. She was excited to ________ her best friend at the airport. 2. The meeting was ________ because of the CEO's absence. 3. He ________ smoking after his health scare. 4. We need to ________ this discussion until everyone is here. 5. I can't wait to ________ my vacation next month. 6. They ________ their new proposal during the conference. 7. He ________ his computer when it started making strange noises. 8. Did you ________ who will be our new manager? 9. She ________ her elderly parents very well. 10. Do you ________ with your neighbours? Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Phrasal Verb Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete each sentence. 1. The concert was ________ due to heavy rain. - a) called off - b) put off 2. I ________ an interesting article while reading the newspaper. - a) gave up - b) came across 3. We need to ________ our project to next week. - a) put off - b) take care of 4. I am ________ the holidays with my family. - a) looking forward to - b) getting along 5. After many attempts, he decided to ________ the project. - a) find out - b) give up Exercise 4: Correct the Mistakes Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 1. She brought on an interesting point during the meeting. 2. He is taking care for his pet while his friend is away. 3. They called on the party because of the storm. 4. She looks forward for the new semester. 5. The car broken down on the way to work. Exercise 5: Create Sentences Create sentences using the given phrasal verbs. 1. break down 2. bring up 3. call off 4. come across 5. find out 6. get along 7. give up 8. look forward to 9. put off 10. take care of ### Answers #### Exercise 1: Match the Phrasal Verb to Its Meaning 1. E 2. G 3. B 4. J 5. D 6. H 7. F 8. I 9. A 10. C #### Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks 1. come across 2. called off 3. gave up 4. put off 5. look forward to 6. brought up 7. broke down 8. find out 9. takes care of 10. get along #### Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Phrasal Verb 1. a) called off 2. b) came across 3. a) put off 4. a) looking forward to 5. b) give up #### Exercise 4: Correct the Mistakes 1. She **brought up** an interesting point during the meeting. 2. He is taking care **of** his pet while his friend is away. 3. They **called off** the party because of the storm. 4. She **looks forward to** the new semester. 5. The car **broke** down on the way to work. #### Exercise 5: Create Sentences 1. The car broke down on the highway. 2. During the meeting, he brought up an important issue. 3. The event was called off due to bad weather. 4. I came across my old diary while cleaning the attic. 5. We need to find out who is responsible for the mistake. 6. She gets along well with her coworkers. 7. He decided to give up his bad habits. 8. I am looking forward to my trip to Japan. 9. They put off the meeting until everyone could attend. 10. She takes care of her younger siblings every day.

All tenses and grammatical structures learners need to know in order to talk about the past. Talking about the past 1. Actions competed in the past versus actions started in the past but relevant to the present (past simple vs present perfect tense). ⭐Please scroll down to video lessons and exercises if you don't want to read. ⭐ Summary: Difference Between Present Perfect and Past Simple The Present Perfect and Past Simple Tenses are both used to describe actions in the past, but they focus on different aspects of time. Here's how they differ: 1. Present Perfect Simple: Actions Connected to the Present The Present Perfect tense is used to talk about past actions that are still relevant to the present. The focus is often on the result or the fact that the action happened, not when it happened. Structure: Subject + have/has + past participle of the verb. Key Uses: Experience: Describing experiences without mentioning when they occurred. "I have been to Paris." (The exact time isn’t important; it’s about the fact that you’ve been there.) Unfinished actions: Describing actions or situations that started in the past and continue into the present. "She has worked here for five years." (She still works here now.) Recent actions: Referring to actions that have just happened or have very recent relevance. "He has just finished his homework." Key Words for Present Perfect: For (with periods of time): "I have lived here for 10 years." Since (with starting points): "They have been friends since high school." Just: "She has just left." Already: "I have already eaten." Yet (in questions and negatives): "Have you finished yet?" / "He hasn’t called yet." Ever : "Have you ever been to Spain?" Never: "I’ve never tried sushi." Examples: "I have read that book." (The reading happened in the past, but it’s relevant now.) "They have lived in New York since 2010." (They still live there.) When to Use Present Perfect: When the time of the action is not important. When the action has a connection to the present (e.g., the experience matters now or the action is ongoing). 2. Past Simple: Completed Actions in the Past The Past Simple tense is used for actions that happened and were completed at a specific time in the past. The action is disconnected from the present; it’s over. Structure: Subject + past form of the verb (regular verbs: add "-ed"; irregular verbs: use specific past forms). Key Uses: Completed actions: Describing actions that are finished. "I visited my grandparents last weekend." (The visit is over.) Specific times: Referring to actions that happened at a particular time in the past. "She bought a new car last month." Series of completed actions: Describing actions in a sequence. "We went to the mall, had lunch, and watched a movie." Key Words for Past Simple: Yesterday: "I called him yesterday." Last (week/month/year): "They moved to London last year." Ago: "I saw that movie three days ago." In (with past years): "He started his job in 2010." On (with days/dates): "We met on Monday." Examples: "I went to the store yesterday." (The action is complete and happened at a specific time.) "They graduated last year." (The action is finished in the past.) When to Use Past Simple: When the time of the action is important. When the action is finished and has no ongoing relevance to the present. Common Mistakes Learners Make Using Present Perfect with Specific Past Time Expressions: ❌ Incorrect: "I have gone to the party yesterday." ✅ Correct: "I went to the party yesterday." ( Explanation: Present Perfect cannot be used with specific time expressions like "yesterday" or "last year." Use Past Simple for specific times.) Using Past Simple Instead of Present Perfect for Ongoing Situations: ❌ Incorrect: "I lived here for five years." ✅ Correct: "I have lived here for five years." (Explanation: Use Present Perfect when the action continues or is still relevant. "Lived" suggests the action is finished.) Forgetting to Use "Have/Has" in Present Perfect: ❌ Incorrect: "She been to Japan." ✅ Correct: "She has been to Japan." (Explanation: You must include have/has in the Present Perfect structure.) When to Choose Present Perfect or Past Simple Present Perfect: No specific time mentioned. Experience: "I have visited Italy." (We don’t care when.) Ongoing actions: "I have worked here since 2010." (Still working now.) Recent actions: "She has just finished her project." Past Simple: Specific time mentioned. Completed action: "I visited Italy last summer." Finished actions: "He lived in Paris for two years." (But now he doesn’t live there.) Real-Life Examples to Compare Past Simple: "I saw that movie last week." (Specific time mentioned, the action is completed.) Present Perfect: "I have seen that movie." (When? Not important—what matters is that I’ve seen it, and this fact is relevant now.) Quick Tips: Use Past Simple for finished actions with a clear time reference. Use Present Perfect when there’s no specific time and the action has relevance to the present. Please watch the lesson(s), then complete the grammar and speaking exercises Please download the PDF document to complete the grammar exercises. Present perfect tenses vs past simple tense Please download the PDF document with grammar exercises. EVER or NEVER Present perfect tense and yet/already/just Present perfect tense: since and for Recap - Past simple versus present perfect 2. Present perfect simple versus present perfect continuous tense. 3. Past habits (used to, would, past simple) 4. Two simultaneous actions happening in the past 5. Past in the past 6. Future in the past 7. Past with modal verbs 8. Past simple or continuous tense 9. Past perfect simple or continuous tense Talking About Past: a Recap Talking about past

Want to improve your speaking skills? Check out our helpful resources to improve your speaking skills. How to improve your speaking skills There are five main areas to work on when you want to improve your speaking skills. To get some helpful tips about spoken fluency, increasing your vocabulary range, improving spoken accuracy, coherence, and pronunciation, click on the appropriate word below. Fluency Vocabulary Accuracy Coherence Pronunciation

Everything you need to know to accurately speak about the present. Learn how and when to use present tenses. Grammar lessons and learning materials for teachers and learners Please know that some of our content is available only to "I Heart English 2" members. Lessons and learning/teaching materials: TALKING ABOUT PRESENT 1. Present continuous tense - talking about now 1.a. Present continuous tense - talking about now - exercise 1.b. Present continuous tense (stative verbs 1) One of the most common mistakes learners make is the use of stative verbs with present continuous tense. Watch the lessons below and complete the exercises to improve your spoken/written accuracy when you need to talk about a present action that includes stative verbs. Teachers can use this video as part of the presentation stage or as an additional learning resource for learners before/after class. 1.c. Present continuous tense (stative verbs 1) - exercise Check your/your learners' knowledge of using stative verbs to talk about something happening in the present. 1.d. Present continuous tense (stative verbs 2) - lesson 1.e. Present continuous tense (stative verbs 2) - exercises Additional examples of stative verbs 1.f. Talking about present - exercises (present simple tense or present continuous (including stative verbs). Click on the PDF button below to download the document. TALKING ABOUT PRESENT - grammar exercises .pdf Talking about present - grammar exercises 2 1.g. Speaking cards to check the knowledge of the use of present simple and present continuous tense to talk about something happening at the time of speaking (including stative verbs). 2. Talking about habits and routines (present simple tense) and present continuous tense for repeated actions that cause annoyance 3. Talking about general and personal truths (present simple tense). 4. Talking about temporary situations (present continuous tense). 5. Talking about something growing/developing (present continuous tense). 6. Talking about something that is new (present continuous tense). 7. Summary and exercises

Reading Skills I Heart English 2 resources. Improve your reading comprehension skills, whether you are preparing for the IELTs test or simply want to improve your English skills. Reading Skills Reading skills are important, whether you intend to take a language test, or you need to use English at work or for travelling. To improve your reading skills, you should read as much as possible. It is best to follow your heart and choose topics that interest you. If you like travelling, why not find some travel blogs? If you are into cooking, you should search for this content online or in your local library. You can find some reading materials below organised in topics. Choose a topic you like, and read the text. There will be some questions to answer, to help you practice your reading comprehension. HOW TO USE OUR RESOURCES? Most texts are between B1 and C1 levels CEFR (Intermediate to advanced), but don't let that discourage you when you find a word you do not understand. Try to read the text before and after that word. Can you guess its meaning based on the text? If the answer is 'yes', keep up the great work. If the answer is 'no', don't worry, you can always use an online dictionary to help you. For example, the Cambridge Online Dictionary - After reading, try to answer the questions. - Also, think about the topic you read. Say out loud or think (in your head) about what you liked or disliked about the article you read. - What is your opinion about the topic? Do you agree/disagree with the author? - Tell someone you know about the text you read (in English). - Write down the new vocabulary, and make some sentences using these new words/phrases. TOPICS: 1. POSITIVE NEWS ‘We’ve had untold support’: how farmers are getting creative with tree-planting Free reading resources - external 1. B2 to C2 reading resources 2. British Council - Reading A1-C1 3. BBC reading - Drama - Intermediate and above 4. Breaking news English 5. English for everyone

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I Heart English 2 provides free and paid English language learning resources, courses for English language learners, and lesson plans for teachers. I ❤ E nglish 2 © Derechos de autor HOME OF ENGLISH LEARNERS AND TEACHERS SUBSCRIBE Anchor 1 ABOUT US Hello! Welcome to I Heart English 2. We are a small team of British English teachers and examiners. We are passionate about the English language and have many years of teaching experience. All our teachers are TEFL (DELTA qualified). OUR MISSION is to help you become an independent English language learner. If you are an English Teacher, our goal is to help you create confident English language users. About Courses Courses Click here to access the courses 1. All about English Tenses This course is aimed at B1+ to advanced-level English users who want to improve their grammar knowledge and become proficient English language users. The course consists of grammar lessons and exercises, followed by real-life examples and suggestions for practice. There are four units in this course. 1. Talking about the present. 2. Talking about the past. 3. Talking about the future. 4. Conditionals. The course contains everything you need to know about English tenses . The exercises focus on grammar and speaking practice, but the lessons can help improve both written and spoken accuracy. Please try our free trial mini-course before purchasing the course. For teachers and learners For teachers and learners Lessons, grammar exercises and interactive speaking practice tasks* *Free and subscription Talking about the present Talking about the past Talking about the future Educational Games Conditionals Expand your vocabulary range Learn idiomatic expressions (C1-C2) by watching YouTube shorts. I Heart English 2 Categorías Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:10 the apple of my eye Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:10 crying over spilt milk Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:24 on cloud nine Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:12 the ball is in your court Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:16 hit the nail on the head Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:26 keep your chin up Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:18 put all your eggs in one basket Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:13 barking up the wrong tree Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:13 hit the sack Cargar más Contact CONTACT US Subscribe For Updates and Promotions Enter your email here Get Updates Thanks for submitting!

Talking about the future 1. Future tense (will) Uses of the Future Simple Tense ("will") The future simple tense is formed with the auxiliary verb "will" + the base form of the verb. It is commonly used to talk about future events or actions that are not predetermined. Below are the primary uses, along with examples: 1. Predictions About the Future Use the future simple to make predictions about things that might happen in the future. These predictions are often based on opinions, experiences, or evidence. Structure: Subject + will + base verb Examples: It will rain tomorrow. I think she will win the competition. The economy will improve next year. 2. Spontaneous Decisions We use the future simple for decisions made at the moment of speaking, without prior planning. Structure: Subject + will + base verb Examples: I’m thirsty. I’ll get some water. Wait a second; I’ll help you carry those bags. Someone’s at the door. I’ll answer it. 3. Promises, Offers, and Threats We use "will" to express promises, offers to help, or warnings/threats. Structure: Subject + will + base verb Examples: Promises: I will always love you. I’ll call you as soon as I get home. Offers: I’ll help you with your homework. We’ll drive you to the station if you want. Threats: If you don’t stop, I’ll tell the teacher. He’ll regret it if he doesn’t apologise. 4. Facts or Certainty About the Future Sometimes, "will" is used to state future facts or things that are expected to happen. Examples: The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow. Christmas will fall on a Monday this year. 5. Formal or Polite Requests (Less Common) "Will" can also be used in polite or formal requests. Examples: Will you help me with this task? Will you be able to attend the meeting? Differences from Other Future Forms "Will" vs. "Going to": "Will" is used for decisions made on the spot, while "going to" is used for plans or intentions. Example: Will: I’ll call her right now. Going to: I’m going to call her tomorrow. "Will" vs. Present Continuous for Future: Present continuous is used for arrangements or definite plans. Example: Will: I’ll meet him later. Present Continuous: I’m meeting him at 5 p.m. Future Simple Tense 2. Intentions, plans, and predictions based on evidence—going to 3. Arrangements, fixed future plans—present continuous 4. Using the Present Simple for Timetables and Schedules 5. Future continuous tense 6. Actions completed before a future time: Future perfect simple 7. Ongoing actions up until a future point: Future perfect continuous 8. Actions happening immediately—be about to Talking about the future: recap Talking about future - exercises

Check your knowledge of conditionals Exercise 1: Identify the Type of Conditional Read each sentence and identify which type of conditional it is (zero, first, second, or third). 1. If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled. 2. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. 3. If water reaches 100°C, it boils. 4. If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. 5. If she calls me, I will be happy. 6. If he had known about the meeting, he would have attended. Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. 1. If you (study) _______, you (pass) _______ the test. (First conditional) 2. If they (be) _______ more careful, they (not break) _______ the vase. (Third conditional) 3. If I (have) _______ enough money, I (buy) _______ a new car. (Second conditional) 4. If he (go) _______ to bed early, he (not be) _______ so tired. (First conditional) 5. If you (heat) _______ ice, it (melt) _______. (Zero conditional) 6. If I (know) _______ his number, I (call) _______ him. (Second conditional) Exercise 3: Match the Halves Match the beginnings of the conditional sentences in column A with the correct endings in column B. | Column A | Column B | | 1. If I were you, | A. you will miss the bus. | 2. If she had left earlier, | B. they would have been on time. | 3. If it rains tomorrow, | C. she would have arrived on time. | 4. If you don’t hurry, | D. we will cancel the picnic. | 5. If they had caught the train, | E. I would take the job offer. | 6. If he studies hard, | F. he will pass the exam. Exercise 4: Create Conditional Sentences Create conditional sentences using the prompts provided. Use the correct type of conditional based on the context. 1. (you / study / harder / you / pass / the exam) - Example: If you study harder, you will pass the exam. 2. (we / leave / earlier / we / not miss / the train) 3. (she / not be / busy / she / come / to the party) 4. (I / know / answer / I / tell / you) 5. (it / rain / we / stay / at home) ### Answers #### Exercise 1: Identify the Type of Conditional 1. First conditional 2. Third conditional 3. Zero conditional 4. Second conditional 5. First conditional 6. Third conditional #### Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences 1. If you **study**, you **will pass** the test. (First conditional) 2. If they **had been** more careful, they **would not have broken** the vase. (Third conditional) 3. If I **had** enough money, I **would buy** a new car. (Second conditional) 4. If he **goes** to bed early, he **will not be** so tired. (First conditional) 5. If you **heat** ice, it **melts**. (Zero conditional) 6. If I **knew** his number, I **would call** him. (Second conditional) #### Exercise 3: Match the Halves 1. E 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. F #### Exercise 4: Create Conditional Sentences 1. If you study harder, you will pass the exam. 2. If we had left earlier, we would not have missed the train. 3. If she were not busy, she would come to the party. 4. If I knew the answer, I would tell you. 5. If it rains, we will stay at home. These exercises cover various types of conditionals and provide a mix of identification, completion, matching, and creation tasks to ensure comprehensive practice.

How farmers are getting creative - Reading comprehension learning materials. ‘We’ve had untold support’: how farmers are getting creative with tree-planting (Article is taken from positive.news) Tree-planting rates in the UK are lagging against government targets , but ambitions remain high. One way to boost figures is to team up with farmers to diversify their land, but what’s the smartest way to do this? We speak to landowners and experts to find out Forest creation is a slow business. “You plant the trees ,” says Leicestershire farmer James Ludlum, “but it’s five years before you’ve realised that you’ve planted them, they’re such little things in the ground. Then their roots are down and they’ve started to bolt and all of a sudden you have a woodland.” In 2004, Ludlum began the process of creating a woodland at Cattows Farm , which lies 16 miles north-west of Leicester. Taking 100 acres of arable land out of production , he planted it with native broadleaf tree species. The intention was to further diversify a family business that had gone from purely dairy farming 70 years ago to include pick-your-own fruit orchards, a farm shop and a restaurant. Nearly 20 years later, and the woodland is a pretty spot for a walk, regularly hosts festivals and sporting events, and is even home to a year-round forest school. Wildlife, says Ludlum, is thriving: “Only the other day I was walking through the forest and a muntjac deer came through one of the clearings. That would have been unheard of 10 years ago.” The UK government has set a goal to plant 30,000 hectares of woodland annually by the end of the current parliamentary term. This ambition has been welcomed by many as a significant step to achieve the country’s carbon and biodiversity targets, yet groups as varied as the UK’s forestry trade body and a cross-bench committee of MPs have argued that at current planting rates, it’s unlikely that this target will be met. With agricultural land making up 71% of the total area of the UK, engaging with farmers like Ludlum is one way to turn things around in time to meet those targets. The challenge is that, while national woodland creation grants are available to support farmers and other landowners, these groups are often unaware of them. Or, if they are aware, are too overstretched to pursue funding opportunities, as grant applications can be complicated and time-consuming. Others still are critical, and hesitant to take agricultural land out of use. “I don’t think we had an awareness of why you would plant trees on good arable land,” says Ludlum. “It seemed to make no business or farming sense. But then the National Forest was able to quite clearly demonstrate the benefits of doing it, and we’ve had ongoing support from day one, right up to now.” In Ludlum’s case, the National Forest’s support has enabled them to build a tourism business at Cattows Farm, with the new woodland attracting customers to the farm shop and restaurant. He also rents out the forest to other businesses, and sells the thinnings of the woodland for biomass and firewood. To check our understanding of the text, complete the quiz below. TO READ THE WHOLE ARTICLE, click HERE

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All about tenses Free Resources from external sources O u r r e s o u r c e s (free and paid ) 1. Course - Everything you always wanted to know about tenses (Units 1 and 2 free)